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Disorders that Sometimes
Accompany ADHD
Many children with ADHD—approximately 20 to 30 percent—also have a specific learning disability. A very small proportion of people with ADHD have a neurological disorder called Tourette syndrome. As many as one-third to one-half of all children with ADHD—mostly boys—have another condition, known as oppositional defiant disorder.
Learning Disabilities
Many children with ADHD—approximately 20 to 30 percent—also have a specific learning disability (LD). In preschool years, these disabilities include difficulty in understanding certain sounds or words and/or difficulty in expressing oneself in words. In school age children, reading or spelling disabilities, writing disorders, and arithmetic disorders may appear. A type of reading disorder, dyslexia, is quite widespread. Reading disabilities affect up to 8 percent of elementary school children.
Tourette Syndrome
A very small proportion of people with ADHD have a neurological disorder called Tourette syndrome. People with Tourette syndrome have various nervous tics and repetitive mannerisms, such as eye blinks, facial twitches, or grimacing. Others may clear their throats frequently, snort, sniff, or bark out words. These behaviors can be controlled with medication. While very few children have this syndrome, many of the cases of Tourette syndrome have associated ADHD. In such cases, both disorders often require treatment that may include medications.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
As many as one-third to one-half of all children with ADHD—mostly boys—have another condition, known as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). These children are often defiant, stubborn, non-compliant, have outbursts of temper, or become belligerent. They argue with adults and refuse to obey.
Keywords: ADHD, learning disabilities, tourette syndrome, oppositional defiant disorder |
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